Lesson 3Give the words or word combinations defined as the following:
1) dark fairly dark or not giving much light, so that you cannot see well; 2) a shape which is not easy to see because it is too far away, or there is not enough light; 3) to disapprove of something; 4) a memory or understanding of something that is not clear in your mind; 5) inf not intelligent; 6) to lower the angle of the front lights of your car, especially when someone is driving towards you; 7) to bend a piece of paper, cloth etc by laying or pressing one part over another; 8) if you do it, you make it smaller or move it to a different position by bending it; 9) to bend your arms so that they rest together against your body; 10) if an organization closes because it does not have enough money to continue; 11) to cover something, especially by wrapping it in material or put- ting your hand over it; 12) to hold someone closely by putting your arms around them; 13) a line made in paper or material when you fold one part of it over another; 14) loose parts of material, skin etc that hang over other parts of it; 15) the group of people that you belong to and share the same beliefs and ideas; 16) a bend in layers of rock, caused by underground movements in the earth; 17) a container for keeping loose pa- pers in, made of folded card or plastic; 18) a group of related documents that you store together on a computer; 19) having two important parts.
Exercise 68. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics:
1) Dying embers gave out a dim glow in the hearth. 2) For many students the 1970s are dim history. 3) I'm playing a guy who's well-meaning but kind of dim. 4) The boy's just a little dim. 5) The lights were dim. 6) There was enough starlight coming in the window to make out the dim shapes of bunkbeds and rucksacks. 7) We could only see a dim outline of a ship in the distance. 8) His face shadowed by the dim light, he crept out and slipped through a door behind the bridge. 9) The reading light over her seat is dim. 10) There were those in the dim corridors of Headquarters who said that his rise had been too fast. 11) Her words dimmed our hopes of a peaceful settlement. 12) By that time, witnesses may be un- available - some may be dead or their memories dimmed. 13) Even the death of Laura Ashley did not dim City enthusiasm. 14) Inside, the lobby lights had been dimmed like the interior of an airplane on a night flight. 15) Shadowy twilight never dimmed the brightness. 16) You're surrounded by strangers, your dozy curiosity in their sayings and doings dim- ming as the house lights go down. 17) Fold the paper along the dotted line. 18) The chairs fold flat for storage. 19) Before getting into bed, I usually fold my clothes and put them on the chair. 20) One of the most important newspapers in the region has folded. 21) The blankets were folded at the bottom of the bed. 22) Tom folded the letter in half and stuck it in his pocket. 23) His thin companion folded his limbs like an insect as he sat down. 24) The decision to keep it at 23 means fewer fixtures, less money and a greater likelihood of further clubs folding. 25) The young man left the stage and the curtains folded together. 26) Then fold the dough over the filling, pinching the two sides together until you have a half-moon dumpling. 27) He hid the knife in the folds of his robe. 28) She lay there in the narrow bed, her chin resting on the fold of the sheet. 29) A little fold of the veil can be drawn aside to disclose his mood at that time. 30) An arm-chair had been pushed to the side; it had pulled a fold in the carpet. 31) But if past success is any guide, another Nasdaq company will join the fold before long. 32) In addition to the ordinary vocal cords, the cat possesses a second pair of structures called vestibular folds, or false vocal cords. 33) She opened the note in her hand, sighing with great impatience at its folds. 34) She with his quick sketch of her as Madonna ascending in folds upon modest folds of garments. 35) A search of the outside store revealed two folding canvas garden chairs, dilapidated but useable. 36) Exclusive folding designs are handmade in solid rosewood by craftsmen in the Far East, with careful attention to detail. 37) Kellaway sat on the folding bed and let the notebook fall open. 38) One of them is sitting, poised like a crab about to scuttle, the fin- gers steadying a fresh Government-issue folder. 39) The tall woman strode to his desk and laid the folder open in front of him. 40) They allow you to get to the same file from many different folders without having to make copies of that file. 41) The answer to the question is twofold. 42) The last ten years have seen a twofold increase in the numbers of deaths on the road. 43) The mechanism of the hypercalcemia in vitamin D intoxication is twofold. 44) A much earlier development than the biblical canon was the evolution of the threefold ministry of bishop, presbyter, and deacon. 45) It has a threefold purpose: Spiritu- ality, Apostolate and Friendship. 46) The controversies that have since arisen are of three- fold origin. 47) We gained a threefold improvement in accuracy and almost a fivefold im- provement in required off-line training time.
Exercise 69. Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary:
1) Тусклое очертание здания неясно вырисовывалось в тумане. 2) Мисс Ватсон смотрела скептически на поведение Пола. 3) Исаак был старым, и у него было сла- бое зрение. 4) Иногда ты можешь быть таким бестолковым. 5) Он увидел неясное очертание головы таксиста в машине. 6) Меня провели по темному коридору в его офис. 7) Было невозможно читать при тусклом свете огня. 8) Она - не самый умный ребенок в классе, на самом деле, она достаточно бестолковая. 9) В комнате ничего не было кроме стола, стула и тусклой лампы. 10) Казалось, что мое первое пребы- вание в отеле Ал Аин Хилтон было в туманном прошлом. 11) Свет в театре начал тускнеть. 12) Надежды на мирное поселение потускнели. 13) Ты не мог бы приглу- шить свет. У меня болит голова. 14) Болезненное воспоминание начало тускнеть. 15) Она подойдет сюда, если ты согнешь ее пополам. 16) Ложкой выложите начинку на тесто, заверните ее и прищипните по краям. 17) Дети, сверните же, наконец, свою одежду. 18) Он аккуратно свернул карту. 19) Ты не мог бы задвинуть жалюзи? 20) Джордж молча стоял, скрестив руки на груди. 21) Складывай свою одежду, а не просто бросай ее на пол. 22) Большинство компаний, зависящих от работы сталели- тейного завода, закрылись в течение нескольких недель. 23) Стулья сложили, чтобы их было удобно хранить. 24) Салфетки свернули в аккуратные треугольники. 25) Со- гни открытку и разрежь ее по сгибу. 26) Ее платье ниспадало мягкими складками. 27) Церковь будет рада вернуть его в свое лоно. 28) Она назвала его бывшим за- щитником свободной рыночной экономики, который изменил своим взглядам. 29) У верблюдов есть дополнительная кожная складка над веками для защиты от песка. 30) В качестве примера складной нож изображен на рис. 14. 31) Бингхэм появился снова с металлическим складным стулом. 32) Программа позволяет хранить не- сколько документов, связанных между собой, в папках. 33) Он достал папку и что-то писал в ней несколько минут. 34) Держи все свои заказы вместе в отдельной папке, чтобы ты могла найти их позже, если что-то пойдет неправильно. 35) Повсюду были кипы бумажных брошюр. 36) В этом плане есть два преимущества. 37) Новый зако- нопроект будет иметь двойной эффект для бизнеса.
Exercise 70. Paraphrase the following sentences using active vocabulary:
1) Laura had a vague recollection of someone telling her this before. 2) Prospects for an early settlement of the dispute are not good. 3) She was hardly aware of the risk. 4) He turned, his eyes resting momentarily upon the dark, grey shape of the funerary couch. 5) Even the rain could not lessen their enthusiasm. 6) Doug rolled up the check and put it in his wallet. 7) He bent his newspaper and handed it to me. 8) Cut the paper along the bending. 9) I have two reasons for leaving. 10) Student numbers have expanded twice in ten years.
Exercise 71. Using Longman Activator Dictionary or any other English Dictionary find out the differ- ences in the meaning and usage of the following synonyms:
not bright: pale, dim, weak, poor/bad, soft, low; when something cannot be seen or is difficult to see: invisible, out of sight, lose, sight of, dim, indistinct, blind spot; not intelligent: not very bright/intelligent/clever/smart, stupid, dumb, thick, dim, brainless, gormless, unintelligent; to think that someone or something is bad or morally wrong: disapprove, do not approve, disapproval, think something is wrong, frown on/upon, take a dim view of, have a low opinion of, think badly of, not hold with; to fold something: fold, fold up, turn down; when a company, shop, or business fails: fail, go out of business, go under, close down, closure, go bankrupt/go bust, fold, go to the wall; a piece of furniture or equipment that can be folded: folding/collapsible, fold/fold up; the straight line where something has been folded: fold, crease. Dictionary phrases: flash a smile/glance/look etc (at sb) flash across/onto/past etc flash back flash back to flash by/past flash by/past/through flash forward flash forward to flash sth across/to sth flash sth around flash sth into/at/towards sb/sth flash through sb's mind/head/brain flash with flashed on and off sb's life flashes before their eyes twinkle with flicker across/through/on etc
Exercise 72. Give the words or word combinations defined as the following:
1) to shine suddenly and brightly for a short time, or to make something shine in this way; 2) to be shown quickly on television, on a computer, or on a film; 3) to smile or look at someone quickly and for a short time; 4) to show something to someone for only a short time; 5) to send news or information somewhere quickly by radio, computer, or satellite; 6) a bright light that shines for a short time and then stops shining; 7) a special bright light used when taking photographs indoors or when there is not much light; 8) a small piece of coloured cloth worn on the shoulder of a military uniform; 9) a small elec- tric light that you can carry in your hand; 10) a scene in a film, play, book etc that shows something that happened before that point in the story; 11) a sudden very clear mem- ory of something that happened to you in the past; 12) to shine brightly with flashing points of light; 13) if a star or light does, it shines in the dark with an unsteady light; 14) to burn or shine with an unsteady light that goes on and off quickly; 15) to quickly make a sudden small movement or series of movements.
Exercise 73. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics: 1) The movie then flashes forward to their daughter's fifth birthday. 2) Our vacation seemed to just flash by. 3) He flashed his membership card as passed through the door. 4) Lightning flashed across the sky. 5) Lightning flashed and thunder rolled. 6) The mints must be hard and dry for the best results and some produce, as I have seen, impressive flashes. 7) The muzzle flash that accompanied their arrival came from inside the house. 8) When a flash of lightning lit up the sky to the south we decided we'd better go now! 9) With a terrible flash that all but blinded the onlookers the island vanished, around it the storm of magical energy. 10) He reaches for the flashlight and beams it on. 11) He shone a flashlight at the trucks and shouted at them. 12) Intermittent intervals of moonlight would mean not having to use flashlights, when he and Larsen entered the enemy's territory. 13) Many users of this drug experience chronic depression and flashbacks. 14) A constant motif is a flashback to a field of wheat, interposed suddenly and incongruously in various scenes. 15) Only vaguely, in one or two frozen flashback memories, could he recall his fa- ther. 16) We weave the old show in so well with the flashbacks. 17) Ellwood drove an Audi - fast but not flashy. 18) I slid the flashy, long-barreled, wooden-gripped revolver back into the black hip holster. 19) Our presence is not intended to be flashy and we want to mini- mize our risks while maximizing our opportunities. 20) Fresh snow glittered in the morning light. 21) The chandelier glittered, its crystal teardrops like small golden suns. 22) A grace- ful arc of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge glittered in the distance. 23) The fat innkeeper was listening intently, his little black eyes glittering. 24) The lights of the town twinkled be- yond the desert. 25) From it one could see lights twinkling in the little town below, and fish- ing-boats with lights at sea. 26) His smile broadened and his eyes twinkled with whimsy. 27) The castle-like stretch to interior sky twinkling with crystal lights. 28) Votive candles twinkle in every room. 29) Inside the shrine candles flicker next to statues of saints. 30) The overhead lights suddenly flickered and went out. 31) He told me the story, sitting in my room with the firelight flickering on the ceiling rafters. 32) His eyes flickered over her shoulders. 33) His flat-tax fire, which burned hot for months, ultimately flickered out along with his popularity. 34) She allowed her steady gaze to flicker from the glass which she had been holding firm. 35) The stream flickered slightly in the moonlight.
Exercise 74. Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary:
1) Молния блеснула над головой. 2) Почему этот парень направил свои фары на меня? 3) Образы войны замелькали на экране. 4) Возможность того, что Фрэнк врал, пронеслась у меня в уме. 5) «Я люблю этот город», - сказал он, быстро и ши- роко улыбнувшись. 6) В ее голубых глазах вспыхнул гнев. 7) Он всегда разбрасыва- ется деньгами. 8) С этого момента в фильме идут кадры, где Билли впервые встре- чается с Шульцом. 9) Полицейская машина на скорости пронеслась по перекрестку, только фары сверкнули. 10) Детектив Малори быстро показал свой значок, проходя через дверь. 11) Две вспышки означают опасность. 12) Вспышка молнии осветила ночное небо. 13) Вспышка сработала? 14) Птица исчезла голубой вспышкой. 15) Ко- гда бомба взорвалась, была яркая вспышка света. 16) Так как она ничего не ответи- ла, он направил на ее бледное лицо желтоватый свет фонарика. 17) Им еще пона- добятся фонари, чтобы найти дорогу в Эвансвиль. 18) События из детства героя по- казали в нескольких ретроспективных кадрах. 19) Итон все еще вспоминает аварию. 20) Он эмоциональный, прямолинейный и любит выставляться на показ. 21) Река блестела в солнечном свете. 22) Драгоценности поблескивали в тусклом свете пе- щеры. 23) Иней поблескивал на земле. 24) Тиара не блестела на свадебной фате Никандры. 25) Я видел огни, мерцающие в маленьком городе, перед нами. 26) Ее глаза сияли от веселья. 27) Над ее плечами звезды мерцали в черном небе. 28) Он улыбнулся, его глаза увлажнились и заблестели. 29) Огни над головой ежеминутно мерцали. 30) Озадаченная улыбка промелькнула на лице женщины. 31) Веки Полли задрожали, затем она заснула. 32) Дружелюбный огонь поблескивал за каминной решеткой. 33) Огонь свечи колыхнулся несколько раз, и она потухла. 34) Неожидан- но, через час после звонка, возвещающего открытие, компьютеры на Нью-Йоркской фондовой бирже погасают.
Exercise 75. Paraphrase the following sentences using active vocabulary:
1) Red warning lights shone for a short time and then stopped shining. 2) He showed quickly his identification card. 3) Reporters at the scene sent the news to their offices. 4) A meteor moved quickly through the sky. 5) I suddenly remembered his words. 6) Just wait here. I'll be back very quickly. 7) He beamed the torch ahead and picked his way around the huge bale of rusted wire. 8) His blue eyes glittered with anger.
Exercise 76. Using Longman Activator Dictionary or any other English Dictionary find out the differ- ences in the meaning and usage of the following synonyms:
when light comes from the sun, a lamp, a surface etc: shine, glow, gleam, blaze, flash, flicker, blink; to let someone see something: show, let somebody see, let somebody take a look, present, produce, flash, expose, reveal; doing things quickly or happening quickly: quickly, quick, fast, rapid, swift, speedy, prompt, meteoric, at an alarming rate, in a flash; to shine with small bright points of light: sparkle, twinkle, glitter, shimmer, glisten. Dictionary phrases: squeeze into squeeze sb/sth in squeeze sth on/onto sth squeeze sth out squeeze sth out of sb squeeze through/past squeeze up squeeze your eyes shut for ... obscure reason remain obscure vague about have a vague idea/feeling/recollection etc (that)
Exercise 77. Give the words or word combinations defined as the following:
1) to press something firmly together with your fingers or hand; 2) to get liquid from something by pressing it; 3) to try to make something fit into a space that is too small, or to try to get into such a space; 4) to close your eyes very tightly; 5) to succeed, win, or pass a test by a very small amount so that you only just avoid failure; 6) to strictly limit the amount of money that is available to a company or organization; 7) to manage to do something al- though you are very busy; 8) to do something so that someone or something is no longer included or able to continue; 9) to squeeze something wet in order to remove the liquid from it; 10) to force someone to tell you something; 11) a situation in which there is only just enough room for things or people to fit somewhere; 12) inf to try to persuade someone to do something; 13) not well known and usually not very important; 14) to make some- thing difficult to know or understand; 15) to prevent something from being seen or heard clearly; 16) the state of not being known or remembered; 17) something that is difficult to understand, or the quality of being difficult to understand; 18) unclear because someone does not give enough detailed information or does not say exactly what they mean; 19) to think that something might be true or that you remember something, although you cannot be sure; 20) not having a clear shape or form.
Exercise 78. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics:
1) Squeeze the lemons and pour the juice into a jug. 2) Alice squeezed my arm af- fectionately, and said goodbye. 3) Alice squeezed the wet sponge. 4) Cuts in federal funding are squeezing public housing agencies. 5) I start the day with a glass of freshly squeezed orange juice. 6) The tunnel was so narrow that only one person at a time could squeeze into it. 7) I cocked the old gun and squeezed the trigger, and it just went forward too slowly to fire a round. 8) Research showed the region had many recrea- tional activities squeezed into a compact area, said Herder. 9) She turned around and scampered back across the footpath to the gate, squeezed under and crept to the dish. 10) The humans and their needs had to be squeezed in when time and space permit- ted. 11) They pushed and squeezed their way out of the jute field. 12) Marty gave her hand a little squeeze. 13) Small businesses are beginning to feel the financial squeeze. 14) Squeeze the legs together 30 times, holding each squeeze for 1 second. 15) But the study also offers a sobering reminder about the financial squeeze on families at the bottom. 16) Despite squeezes on capital expenditure in this sector, total sales did in- crease slightly to £9.3m from £8.3m in 1991. 17) Then put on your rubber gloves and give the meat a good squeeze with both hands. 18) Each sprang from the obscure un- derside of the society. 19) It was satisfying to send away and get this obscure stuff in the mail. 20) Laurence Hurst has pursued an obscure hint of a gender-altering parasite among human beings. 21) The proposed arrangements however are rather obscure. 22) You're not expected to input anything too obscure though, so frustrations in this re- spect are kept to a minimum. 23) Parts of the coast were obscured by fog. 24) Despite the obscuring veil of time, many researchers can make out the traces of the Supercon- tinent Cycle in the Precambrian. 26) Everything upon which her eyes focused was ob- scured by a heavy veil. 27) Fitful clouds were beginning to obscure the sun. 28) It must be redesigned so that it illuminates the choices facing the country - not, as now, ob- scures them. 29) Soon, they would catch up with the sun and obscure it. 30) She rose from obscurity to stardom. 31) Arbuckle died in obscurity in 1933. 32) How could he change his life, which seemed irretrievably set on a course of obscurity? 33) In Wash- ington, obscurity is never a measure of insignificance. 34) Rarely has a term of public discourse gone so directly from obscurity to meaninglessness without any intervening period of coherence. 35) That other story, likewise, traced the path from poverty to wealth and obscurity to fame. 36) The lace curtains seemed to have survived from ob- scurity, like the antique gown of a jilted bride. 37) He was rather vague about the rea- sons why he never finished school. 38) Officials were vague about the number of weapons that were uncovered. 39) There have been vague rumours of a coup. 40) A Wellesley College spokeswoman was spectacularly vague. 41) Its regulations must be reasonable and not too vague. 42) None of these writers looks at housework satisfac- tion; the notion of feminine domesticity is undefined and usually rather vague. 43) She floated near but outside her own body, feeling vague and intense at the same time. 44) They stood, she thought, the quintessential family, looking out from their sanctuary into the vague but hopeful unknown.
Exercise 79. Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary:
1) Она улыбнулась, когда он пожал ей руку. 2) Он нажал на курок, но ничего не произошло. 3) Выжми сок из апельсинов. 4) Выжми немного лимонного сока на рыбу. 5) Он пролез сквозь дыру в заборе. 6) Мы могли бы втиснуть еще несколько людей. 7) Греция едва прошла в следующий раунд. 8) Как ты умудряешься втиснуть так много в один день? 9) Я могу втиснуть Вас на четыре часа? 10) Если бюджет урежут, то жизненно необходимое научное исследование может быть закрыто. 11) Сначала выжми ткань. 12) Я не могу больше выжать томатную пасту из этого тюбика. 13) Я не думаю, что я смогу втиснуть еще несколько файлов в этот ящик. 14) Нет смысла на- тягивать на себя одежду, которая слишком мала для тебя. 15) Автобус был уже пол- ный, но кто-то открыл двери, и еще один пассажир протиснулся вовнутрь. 16) Будет очень тесно, если посадить шесть человек в машину. 17) Детали его жизни остаются неясными. 18) Искусство Беста эксцентричное и непонятное. 19) Он использует ста- рый непонятный закон, чтобы прекратить строительство новой дороги. 20) О первой выставке Пикассо было всего лишь небольшое упоминание в неизвестной Париж- ской газете. 21) Издатели не печатали его раннюю поэзию, потому что она была слишком непонятной. 22) Между исследованиями была какая-то непонятная связь. 23) Эти строки были написаны неизвестным английским поэтом по имени Мордаунт. 24) Последние успехи затмили тот факт, что компания все еще находилась в за- труднительной ситуации. 25) Вид был размытым из-за тумана. 26) Если использует- ся палец, то образ частично загораживается рукой. 27) Группа выпустила два аль- бома перед тем, как раствориться в неизвестности. 28) О’Брайэн умер в неизвест- ности. 29) Она выбрала тишину, неизвестность, бедность. 30) Губернатор дал толь- ко неясные наметки своего плана по налогам. 31) Джулия была очень неопределен- на по поводу того, где она была, и что она делала. 32) Инструкции Дейва были неяс- ными. 33) У меня очень неопределенные представления о том, что он хочет для это- го проекта. 34) Я слышал неопределенные слухи о том, что они собираются поже- ниться. 35) У меня было смутное представление о том, где находится это место. 36) Неясные объяснения доктора только усилили страхи Клары. 37) Вдалеке были видны смутные очертания холмов.
Exercise 80. Paraphrase the following sentences using active vocabulary:
1) Try to press a bit more out. 2) Five of us squashed into the back seat. 3) The government is limiting the railways' investment budget. 4) See if you can force them to tell you more information. 5) I pressed the toothpaste tube, but nothing came out. 6) All manufacturers are noticing the effects of a difficult financial situation. 7) For some un- clear reason, the group is very popular. 8) The Silver Apples are one of those unknown bands that you might hear about, but never actually hear. 9) Larry had the unclear feel- ing he'd done something embarrassing the night before. 10) The indistinct shape of a figure loomed through the mist.
Exercise 81. Using Longman Activator Dictionary or any other English Dictionary find out the differ- ences in the meaning and usage of the following synonyms:
to be almost too big to fit into a space: squeeze, be a squeeze; to push something firmly, especially with your fingers: press, squeeze, pinch, touch, knead; to press something to remove the liquid from it: squeeze, wring out; to push an object into an opening or into something soft: stick, force, stuff/shove, ram, plunge, thrust, squeeze, jam; to get something from someone by using force or threats: get something out of/squeeze something out of, extort; when there is not a lot of space: a tight squeeze, tight, cramped; not famous: unknown, obscure, a nobody; a person or place that not many people know or know about: unknown, little known/little-known, obscure, shadowy figure, an unknown quantity; difficult or impossible to understand: puzzling, baffling, incomprehensible, unintel- ligible, incoherent, obscure; not clear: unclear/not clear, ambiguous, imprecise, vague, confusing, mud- dled/garbled, unintelligible; not containing enough details: vague, sketchy, thin; not exact: rough, approximate, vague, hazy, loose; to remember something with difficulty: vaguely remember, have a hazy/vague rec- ollection, be on the tip of your tongue, ring a bell. Dictionary phrases: a calculated risk a real risk an element of risk an increased risk at risk at risk from at risk of at the risk of doing sth at your own risk fire risk good/bad/poor risk health risk high risk low-risk pose ... risk putting ... at risk reduce the risk of risk factors risk of risk to run a risk run the risk of doing sth security risk take a risk take the risk of doing sth The benefits ... outweigh the risks the risks associated with willing to take ... risk worth the risk Exercise 82. Give the words or word combinations defined as the following:
1) the possibility that something bad, unpleasant, or dangerous may happen; 2) to decide to do something even though you know it may have bad results; 3) something or someone that is likely to cause harm or danger; 4) something that could cause a dan- gerous fire; 5) someone who may tell important secrets to an enemy; 6) in a situation where you may be harmed; 7) to be in a situation where there is a possibility that some- thing bad could happen to you; 8) when you think that what you are going to say or do may have a bad result, may offend or annoy people etc; 9) a person or business judged according to the danger involved in giving them insurance or lending them money; 10) to put something in a situation in which it could be lost, destroyed, or harmed; 11) to get into a situation where something unpleasant may happen to you; 12) to do something that you know may have dangerous or unpleasant results; 13) involving a risk that something bad will happen.
Exercise 83. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics:
1) A lot of children start smoking without realizing what the risks are. 2) Clean the wound thoroughly to reduce the risk of infection. 3) Drivers often break the speed limit, and there's little risk of getting caught. 4) How much risk is there with this kind of opera- tion? 5) It is possible to get malaria in this area, but the risk is pretty low. 6) Many of these beaches are not clean, and they carry a high risk of viral infection for swimmers. 7) Nothing worthwhile is accomplished without risk or danger. 8) People continue to smoke, despite knowing the risks of heart disease or cancer. 9) The disease affects cats but there is no risk to humans. 10) There are a lot of risks involved when you start your own business. 11) There is a high risk of injury in contact sports such as rugby. 12) We can't ignore the risk that fighting could spread throughout the region. 13) Wear- ing a seatbelt can reduce the risk of serious injury. 14) What exactly is the risk of an or- dinary aircraft crashing? 15) A high-technology firm, for example, faces a great deal more business risk than does an electric utility. 16) Among middle-class women, early marriage played a similar role in increasing risk of depression. 17) Similarly, they share the risks and the profits or losses which may accrue to them. 18) The increased risk for acute lymphoid leukemia alone was 43 \%, the researchers said. 19) The whole point is adventure and calculated risk taking. 20) Trading Bonds for a pitcher is an unaccept- able risk because pitchers break down so frequently. 21) Companies cannot risk losing customers through computer problems. 22) He risked a cautious glance over the wall, and saw a group of guards standing by the gate. 23) He had risked his own health to help the sick during the epidemic. 24) I decided to risk looking for a place to stay when I got there, rather than booking in advance. 25) I don't want to risk offending your par- ents. 26) Many refugees risk death or arrest in their attempts to flee persecution. 27) Road conditions were supposed to be pretty bad, but we decided to risk it. 28) The Carnegie Hero awards are given to those who risk their lives to save others. 29) The university has already cut its budget as much as possible without risking its quality and reputation. 30) They had risked death in order to get their families to America. 31) He was still too attached to his national status to risk it by appearing partisan. 32) It was refreshing to hear publishers and booksellers risking offending each other. 33) They risk arrest but have the support of some Civil Guards. 34) You also see them risking accident and injury in car lanes, weaving in and out of traffic. 35) Being self-employed is much more risky than being a wage earner. 36) Personal insurance is expensive if you plan to take part in a risky sport such as parachuting. 37) The State Department ad- vised its employees that fighting near the borders made it too risky to leave the country. 38) Any project involving rockets is always risky, but the technology is maturing all the time. 39) Projecting numbers like gross domestic product and per-capita income back into the past is a highly risky undertaking. 40) There is substantially more information both general and related to risks at the risky junctions than at the less risky ones. 41) Try the risky, potentially spectacular shot, or cut his losses and play safe?
Exercise 84. Paraphrase the following sentences using active vocabulary:
1) There's an element of chance in any kind of investment. 2) Polluted water sup- plies are dangerous for public health. 3) We must stop these rumours; the firm's reputa- tion is at stake. 4) Meat from the infected animals is likely to harm people's health. 5) You'd be crazy to hazard your money on an investment like that! 6) They may even endanger the loss of their homes. 7) Doctors say it's too dangerous to try and operate. 8) He'll have to land the aircraft in a field. It's hazardous, but there's no alternative.
Exercise 85. Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary:
1) Есть риск, что кризис может распространиться дальше. 2) Нет никакой опасности для здоровья общества. 3) Здоровое питание может помочь снизить риск сердечных заболеваний. 4) Птицы могут представлять серьезный риск для здоровья людей, которые их едят. 5) Я никогда не хожу один домой ночью – это не стоит того, чтобы рисковать. 6) В строительстве большой риск несчастных слу- чаев. 7) Это был умышленный риск – назначить человека без опыта работы в управлении на такой высокий пост. 8) Польза, которую получают пациенты, при- нимающие лекарство, намного перевешивает риск. 9) Разве он не рискует немно- го, приходя сюда? 10) Я не могла бы рискнуть, оставив его одного даже на корот- кое время. 11) Многие люди хотят рискнуть, чтобы защитить свои семьи. 12) Они не представляют значительного риска для безопасности. 13) Свалка шин имеет большой риск возгорания. 14) Она начинает представлять угрозу безопасности. 15) Женщины подвержены большему риску губительного влияния алкоголя, чем мужчины. 16) Есть высокий риск того, что у их детей тоже разовьется это заболе- вание. 17) Это бы означало, подвергнуть риску других детей. 18) Любой, кто пу- тешествует без паспорта, рискует быть арестованным. 19) Рискуя показаться глу- пой, можно я задам вопрос? 20) Будут ли они продолжать выполнять свои планы, даже рискуя оскорбить американцев? 21) Ты можешь использовать это, но на свой страх и риск. 22) Все личные вещи остаются на риск владельца. 23) Водите- ли до 21 года представляют собой большой риск для страховых компаний. 24) Ко- гда дети начинают курить, они не осознают, что рискуют своим здоровьем. 25) Он приготовился рискнуть всем, чтобы предотвратить эту войну. 26) Он рискнул сво- ей жизнью, чтобы помочь остальным спастись. 27) Я не собираюсь подставлять свою шею, чтобы спасти обычного преступника. 28) Зачем рисковать жизнью и здоровьем, прыгая из самолета, чтобы собрать деньги на благотворительность. 29) Некоторые люди готовы отважиться на тюремное заключение за то, во что они верят. 30) Рабочие, которые прервали забастовку, подвергнутся риску нападения, после того, как они покинут фабрику. 31) Ты готов рискнуть путешествовать без вооруженной охраны? 32) Она рискнула бросить взгляд назад через плечо. 33) Ты мог бы улизнуть из школы между уроками, но я не стал бы рисковать. 34) Поку- пать подержанную машину – опасное дело. 35) Рискованные капиталовложения могут принести высокий доход, но также и очень большие потери. 36) Всегда опасно оставлять свою машину на улице ночью. 37) Было бы рискованно прово- дить такие эксперименты на людях. 38) Путешествовать в этом регионе все еще считается опасным.
Exercise 86. Using Longman Activator Dictionary or any other English Dictionary find out the differ- ences in the meaning and usage of the following synonyms:
to do something that may hurt or kill you: risk your life, at your own risk, risk your neck, play with fire, take your life in your hands, dice with death, at your peril; to be in a dangerous situation: be in danger, be at risk, be in trouble, be in peril; to put someone else in a dangerous situation: endanger, put somebody's life at risk; to do something even though there is a risk: take a risk, take a chance, risk, stick your neck out, take the plunge, at your own risk, at the risk of doing something, risk-taking; in a situation where there are risks: be at risk, be in danger, be in jeopardy, be at stake, be under threat, be on the line; when you are in a situation where there are risks: risk, run a risk, be at risk, be in danger, high-risk, lay yourself open to, be on dangerous ground/in dangerous territory; to cause risks: put somebody/something at risk, threaten, endanger, jeopardize; to risk losing something: risk, gamble/take a gamble, put something on the line, stake something on, speculate. Dictionary phrases: be tempted to do sth tempt fate tempt sb into doing sth tempt sb to do sth gave in to the temptation resist the temptation temptation to do sth fancy (that) fancy ... chances fancy doing sth fancy yourself fancy yourself (as) sth fancy!/fancy that!
Exercise 87. Give the words or word combinations defined as the following:
1) to try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive; 2) to make someone want to have or do something, even though they know they really should not; 3) to do something that involves unnecessary risk and may cause serious problems; 4) to say too confidently that something will have a good result, that there will be no problems etc, when it is likely there will be problems; 5) a strong desire to have or do something even though you know you should not; 6) something that makes you want to have or do something, even though you know you should not; 7) something that seems very good and you would like to have it or do it; 8) to like or want something, or want to do something; 9) to feel sexually attracted to someone; 10) to behave in a way that shows you think you are very attractive or clever; 11) to believe, usually wrongly, that you have particular skills or are a particular type of person; 12) to think someone or something is likely to be successful in something; 13) spoken used to express your sur- prise or shock about something; 14) to think or believe something without being certain; 15) a feeling, especially one that is not particularly strong or urgent, that you like some- one or want to have something; 16) decide that you like someone or want to have something; 17) inf to seem attractive or amusing to someone 18) an idea or opinion that is not based on fact; 19) imagination or something that you imagine.
Exercise 88. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics:
1) Most infomercials try to tempt television viewers into buying beauty aids, kitchen gadgets and other products. 2) The arrangement tempts employees to win contracts even by illegal means. 3) The Parisian shops have things to tempt even the strongest of wills. 4) Donors now have economic control; they will always be tempted to use the power that this control brings. 5) If an estate car tempts you, it could pay to choose one with the option of an extra row of seats. 6) She had been tempted to cut out the photo- graphs and keep them, but she hadn't. 7) This is clearly cumbersome and possibly un- satisfactory and many users might be tempted to abandon the process before achieving their ends. 8) I finally gave in to temptation and ate a huge piece of cheesecake. 9) In the end, he gave in to temptation, and lit his first cigarette in five days. 10) Resist the temptation to get involved. After all, it's not your problem. 11) When life was hard, the temptation to start drinking again was strong. 12) If such ideas were to spread, his own slaves might find them too great a temptation to resist. 13) In fact, one temptation in writing a management book is to quote Drucker on every other page. 14) In this way, she reasoned, he would be removed from the temptations of the city. 15) Yet the temp- tation to use the Games for political purposes remains irresistible. 16) It was very tempting - only £50 for a ticket to the fight - but I decided to save the money. 17) The chocolate cake was tempting but I couldn't have any because of my diet. 18) Their soups are also very tempting. 19) It is tempting for any regime to claim that its very sur- vival proves that it has consent and support. 19) It was tempting to think that Helen had turned him against his father, but John doubted this was the case. 20) The sweet trolley in particular is very tempting, with a choice of five or six home-made sweets. 21) I don't fancy our chances of getting a ticket this late. 22) All the girls fancy Bob. 23) Do you fancy a drink? 24) Do you fancy a walk in the park, Estelle? 25) Fenella really fancied the drummer and went over to chat to him after the concert. 26) I think he's always fan- cied a car like Lizzie's. 27) I think Stevie fancies you. 28) Is there anything you fancy in your room? 29) Krause has always fancied himself a keen talent scout first. 30) Marx was not a humanist, though he fancied himself to be. 31) She fancied that she could hear voices, and that the voices might belong to creatures like herself. 32) His com- mands are absolute; no man may tailor them to suit his fancy. 33) One just wishes his fancy had slightly more to offer. 34) You get the sense that Wideman was open to any- thing that struck his fancy.
Exercise 89. Paraphrase the following sentences using active vocabulary:
1) If you leave valuables in your car it will attract thieves. 2) I want to buy this dress very much. 3) I’d like very much to take a nice long vacation before I start the new job. 4) As a hermit living in a cave, he refused the flock of naked women sent to seduce him. 5) I've recently received a very attractive job offer from IBM. 6) Sorry, but I don't feel like going out tonight. 7) Which team do you support this year? 8) Would you like to go for a walk in the park? 9) I really feel like going for a swim. 10) Because of its high cost, a carpet is not an item that you change whenever you want. Exercise 90. Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary:
1) Новая программа была создана для того, чтобы увлечь молодых людей изу- чением инженерного дела. 2) Потребуется много денег, чтобы соблазнить меня уйти с этой работы. 3) Представители пожарной службы заявили, что застройщики иску- шают судьбу, застраивая все больше живописные каньоны. 4) Не поддавайся со- блазну поставить деньги на лошадей. 5) Клуб раздает бесплатные футболки, чтобы привлечь людей вступить в него. 6) Слишком многих инвесторов привлекает идея быстро сделать состояние. 7) Туристические компании привлекают людей специ- альными предложениями. 8) Когда студенты сидят слишком близко друг к другу, может появиться соблазн списать. 9) Сопротивляйся искушению купить какую- нибудь вещь, пока ты точно не будешь уверен, что она тебе нужна. 10) В конце кон- цов, я поддался искушению и выкурил сигарету. 11) Продажа алкоголя на останов- ках для грузовиков – это ненужное искушение водителей. 12) Жизнь в Нью-Йорке полна искушений. 13) Она думала о том, чтобы взять выходной, но не поддалась ис- кушению. 14) Всегда есть искушение обвинить других в своих собственных пробле- мах. 15) Этот пирожок выглядит соблазнительно. 16) Заманчиво, поверить в ее ис- торию. 17) Внутри вы найдете соблазнительные рецепты со всего мира, они все имеют красивые иллюстрации. 18) Не хочешь пропустить по стаканчику, Эмма? 19) Все девчонки мечтали о нем. 20) Тот парень на танцполе очень высокого о себе мнения. 21) Он воображает себя художником. 22) Она воображает себя еще одной Мадонной. 23) “Петерсоны разводятся”. “Подумайте только!” 24) Представить себе не могу, что вижу здесь тебя. 25) Ей показалось, что она услышала шум внизу. 26) Арчер воображал, что ей рассказали о его приезде. 27) Все знают, что тебе нра- вится Сара. Почему бы тебе не пригласить ее куда-нибудь? 28) Мне она просто не нравилась, и это все, что касается этого дела. 29) Он предполагал, что такие мысли ее не беспокоят. 30) Мистер Хил действительно увлекся Кларой. 31) Желание по- ехать в Мексику было мимолетным капризом. 32) Ты видел что-нибудь, чтобы при- влекло твое внимание? 33) Ему понравилась идея сыграть над ней шутку. 34) О, это была просто его фантазия. 35) Поэтесса Эмили Дикенсон известна благодаря своим ярким мысленным образам.
Exercise 91. Using Longman Activator Dictionary or any other English Dictionary find out the differ- ences in the meaning and usage of the following synonyms:
to make someone like or want to do something: attract, tempt, seduce; to persuade someone by making something seem very good: tempt, lure, entice; to love someone especially in a sexual or romantic way: love, be in love, be crazy about, fancy, have a crush on, be infatuated, be besotted; to be sexually attracted to someone: be attracted to, fancy, be interested in, want, lust after; to want something or want to do something: want, would like, feel like, wouldn't mind, wish, I wouldn't say no, be interested in, fancy, take your fancy. Dictionary phrases: an academic/practical etc turn of mind at every turn by turns do sb a good/bad turn done to a turn give sb a turn have a turn n turn It's ... turn it's ... turn to make a left/right turn on the turn one good turn deserves another sharp turn speak/talk out of turn take a dramatic/fresh/different etc turn take a turn for the worse/better take a turn in/on etc sth take the first/a wrong etc turn take turns take turns doing sth take turns in doing sth take turns to do sth the turn of the century/year turn of events turn of mind turn of phrase turn of speed turn to do sth dissolve in dissolve into/in laughter/tears etc dissolve sth in sth
Exercise 92. Give the words or word combinations defined as the following:
1) the time when it is your chance, duty, or right to do something that each person in a group is doing one after the other; 2) if two or more people do it one after the other, for example in order to share the work or play fairly; 3) as a result of something; 4) one after the other, especially in a particular order; 5) American English a place where one road goes in a different direction from the one you are on; 6) a curve in a road, path etc; 7) a sudden or unexpected change that makes a situation develop in a different way; 8) the beginning of a new century or year; 9) happening again and again, especially in an annoying way; 10) the act of turning something completely around a fixed point; 11) changing from one quality, feeling etc to another; 12) the ability to say things in a clever or funny way; 13) a particular way of saying something; 14) to say something you should not say in a particular situation, especially because you do not have enough au- thority to say it; 15) to do something that is helpful or unhelpful for someone; 16) the particular way that someone usually thinks or feels; 17) starting to change, or in the process of changing; 18) a sudden increase in your speed, or the ability to increase your speed suddenly; 19) to be perfectly cooked; 20) o-f to walk somewhere for pleas- ure; 21) o-f to frighten someone; 22) o-f to feel slightly ill; 23) become part of liquid; 24) if a solid does it, or if you do it, it mixes with a liquid and becomes part of it; 25) to for- mally end a parliament, business arrangement, marriage etc; 26) to start laughing or crying; 27) to gradually become smaller or weaker before disappearing, or to make something do this; 28) the act of formally ending a parliament, business, or marriage; 29) the act of breaking up an organization, institution etc so that it no longer exists; 30) the process by which something gradually becomes weaker and disappears.
Exercise 93. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics:
1) We took turns in pushing the bike along. 2) Take the second turn on the left. 3) From then on, our fortunes took a downward turn. 4) By turns, a 14 year old is affec- tionate then aggressive, silent then outspoken. 5) He's a top goalkicker with a surpris- ing turn of speed. 6) Loosen the screw one complete turn in order to release the valve. 7) She can do a 360-degree turn on water skis. 8) Take the first turn on your right. 9) Take the first turning after the traffic lights. 10) Tighten the screw another two or three turns. 11) We were supposed to take Highway 12, but I think we missed the turn. 12) With three swift turns of the wheel, he steered the boat away from the rocks. 13) In turn, however, the question of where population is growing - or declining - is fundamen- tally related to human welfare. 14) My turn to die had come and I had been inexplicably reprieved. 15) The impartial flames in turn drove them back. 16) This in turn gave the schools the heavy assignment of universal literacy. 17) When it was my turn, I always used to think my time went quicker than when Frank was carrying it. 18) Dissolve the salt in 125 ml of hot water. 19) Maria's objections to the plan began to dissolve. 20) The crystals dissolve in water to create a purple liquid. 21) The law suit began ten months after the Rossi marriage had been legally dissolved. 22) Because it also dissolves in fats, it freely passes through cell membranes, which are basically double-walled bub- bles of fat. 23) During my ascent, the spotlight expands, dissolving into a soft glow that eventually engulfs the entire stage. 24) I think she's picked up a few pointers, like how to chop an onion and how to dissolve an Oxo cube. 25) One of those illusions was my persistent sensation that my personality was dissolving. 26) The Assembly was dis- solved by presidential decree on Oct. 12. 27) Theoretically, she can dissolve Parliament without advice, but the right has been in abeyance for years. 28) These and certain sea anemones often leave a mucous trail that, upon dissolving in water, gives off a charac- teristic odor. 29) You can test their absorption rate by seeing if they dissolve almost en- tirely in white vinegar within 30 minutes. 30) In 1940 the old Burwell drainage commis- sion finally accepted voluntary dissolution when its ancient pump engine collapsed be- yond repair. 31) The mass production and marketing of family food expresses the dis- solution of domesticity as a way of life. 32) They recognize that no laws can prevail against the dissolution of the social connections and personal motivations that sustain a civilized polity. 33) This generally occurs in marriages so toxic that both partners al- ready know that its dissolution would be the best thing for them.
Exercise 94. Paraphrase the following sentences using active vocabulary:
1) Interest rates were cut and as a result share prices rose. 2) Each of us one after the other had to describe how alcohol had affected our lives. 3) You did me a favour by driving Max home last night.
Exercise 95. Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary:
1) Чья очередь накрывать на стол? 2) Я думаю, на этой неделе наша очередь отвозить детей в школу. 3) Вам придется кататься на качелях по очереди. 4) Сту- денты по очереди читали вслух. 5) Обычно я и Дэн готовим по очереди. 6) Согласно карте мы пропустили наш поворот. 7) Я думаю, мы повернули не ту- да, когда выезжали из города. 8) Впереди крутой поворот. 9) Моя карьера приняла новый оборот. 10) Президент был ошеломлен неожиданным поворотом событий. 11) Через два дня после операции состояние отца ухудшилось. 12) Я подкрутил гайку еще два или три раза. 13) Кейт использует насыщенные обороты речи. 14) Какой странный оборот речи. 15) Извините, что я выступил вне очереди, майор Карр. 16) Надеюсь, что мне начинает везти. 17) Помешай, пока сахар не раство- рится. 18) Сахар растворяется в воде. 19) Раствори таблетку в воде. 20) У монар- ха есть власть, чтобы распустить парламент. 21) Она разразилась смехом. 22) Ее энтузиазм растопил его стеснительность. 23) Быстро сформировалось несколько облаков, а потом они снова растаяли. 24) Президент объявил о роспуске Нацио- нальной Ассамблеи. 25) Третья женщина подала документы на развод, но так и не довела расторжение брака до конца.
Exercise 96. Using Longman Activator Dictionary or any other English Dictionary find out the differ- ences in the meaning and usage of the following synonyms:
a turning movement: turn, revolution, spin; when a road or river changes direction: bend, curve, turn, wind, twist, weave; to help someone: help, give/lend a hand, assist, do something for, do somebody a favour, help out, do somebody a good turn, do your bit, come to somebody's aid/assistance, give help/assistance/support; doing things one after the other: in order, one by one/one after another, in turn, take turns; to do something with another person: share, take it in turns/take turns, alternate; when something becomes a liquid: melt, dissolve, thaw, melt down, molten, con- dense, soluble. Dictionary phrases: smash a record smash sb's face/head in smash sth down smash sth in smash sth up smashed to pieces
Exercise 97. Give the words or word combinations defined as the following: 1) to break into pieces violently or noisily, or to make something do this by dropping, throwing, or hitting it; 2) to hit an object or surface violently, or to make something do this; 3) to do something much faster, better etc than anyone has done before; 4) to destroy something such as a political system or criminal organization; 5) to hit a high ball with a strong downward action, in tennis or similar games; 6) to hit something so violently that you break it and make a hole in it; 7) a serious road or railway accident; 8) a new film, song etc which is very successful 9) the loud sound of something breaking.
Exercise 98. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics:
1) Firefighters smashed a bedroom window and rescued a two-year-old girl. 2) I heard something smash. What broke? 3) Police authorities say they have smashed a so- phisticated insurance fraud ring. 4) The boat hit the rocks and was smashed to pieces by the waves. 5) The stock market rose so quickly it smashed all previous records. 6) The vase fell and smashed into a million tiny pieces. 7) And they drank a toast and smashed the Dixie cups underfoot and turned out the light and went to lunch. 8) No force of nature, nothing paradoxical or demonic, he had no drive for smashing through the masks of ap- pearances. 9) She drove three kicks into his shins and smashed her handbag into the side of his head. 10) The violence apparently escalated as white and black youths turned over a bus and began smashing shop windows. 11) They used to smash it down, and it inevita- bly wound up spilling all over the car. 12) He heard the smash of glass. 13) Julia Roberts' beauty didn't stop Pretty Woman becoming a smash at the box office.
Exercise 99. Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary:
1) Вандалы разбили окна вдребезги. 2) Он ударил кулаком по столу. 3) Этот фильм побил все рекорды по кассовым сборам. 4) Полиция заявила, что они со- крушили главное криминальное кольцо. 5) Дверь взломали. 6) Я разобью ему го- лову, если он придет снова. 7) Хулиганы начали громить это место. 8) Ее камеру разбили солдаты, когда она попыталась сделать фотографии. 9) Бутылка скати- лась на пол со стола и разбилась на кусочки. 10) Воры проникли в дом, разбив окно. 11) Неожиданно в кухне послышался грохот.
Exercise 100. Using Longman Activator Dictionary or any other English Dictionary find out the differ- ences in the meaning and usage of the following synonyms:
to break into a lot of pieces: break into pieces/bits, break up, fall to bits/pieces, fall apart/come apart, disintegrate, shatter, smash, splinter, crumble, burst, blow; to break something into a lot of pieces: smash, shatter, crumble; to damage something deliberately: vandalize, smash up, trash, sabotage, tamper with, deface, desecrate; a car/train/plane etc hits something: hit, run into, run over, crash/smash into, ram/slam into, plough into, collide, ram, go into. Dictionary phrases: forge a relationship/alliance/link etc (with sb) forge ahead forge ahead with forge into/through forge on forged into the lead electoral fraud tax/insurance/credit card etc fraud
Exercise 101. Give the words or word combinations defined as the following:
1) a copy of a valuable object, painting etc that is intended to deceive people; 2) someone who is not what they claim to be or does not have the skills they say they have; 3) made to look like a real material or object in order to deceive people; 4) to make something seem real in order to deceive people; 5) to pretend to be ill, interested etc when you are not; 6) to pretend to move in one direction, but then move in another, especially when playing sport; 7) to deceive someone by making them think you are planning to do something when you are really planning to do something else; 8) to de- velop something new, especially a strong relationship with other people, groups, or countries; 9) to illegally copy something, especially something printed or written, to make people think that it is real; 10) to move somewhere or continue doing something in a steady determined way; 11) to make something from a piece of metal by heating the metal and shaping it; 12) to make progress, especially quickly; 13) a document, painting, or piece of paper money that has been copied illegally; 14) the crime of copy- ing official documents, money etc; 15) someone who illegally copies documents, money, paintings etc and tries to make people think they are real; 16) someone or something that is not what it is claimed to be.
Exercise 102. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics:
1) Is the vase a genuine antique or a fake? 2) It turned out her doctor was a fake. 3) Three months after I bought it, a friend who works at the museum told me it was probably a fake. 4) Hugh Tait has taken the lead in trying to distinguish between fact and fiction when it comes to fakes and forgeries. 5) I trembled like a tuning fork, but my shoulder fakes absorbed the worst of the shaking. 6) Martin put a couple of slick fakes on cornerback Larry Brown, turning and twisting him every which way. 7) The jury deliberated for only two hours on Wednesday before concluding that the tape made by Bailey was a fake. 8) Whitehorn pleaded guilty to possession of equipment to make fake identification documents. 9) You can buy fake Gucci bags all over the city. 10) Doyle said no witnesses reported seeing anyone leave the fake bombs. 11) He says that the only way you can tell they're fake, is to look at the stitching on the labels. 12) Just as there are fake credit cards and mix-ups over billing, there could be problems with Internet certificates. 13) Some also alter the painted registration number on the car to match the fake plates. 14) Until my first New York winter rain, when the fake fur matted around my neck, wrists and knees. 15) Elway faked a pass and ran with the ball. 16) He faked his grandfather's signature on the check. 17) But he kept his balance, bounced to the right, broke a tackle, faked two defenders and raced 32 yards. 18) Hard to say, but Jane wasn't faking. 19) The bag had been faked out. 20) The collector will know that it is faked up in the style of an earlier period. 21) They can't be faked by simply changing your motion, or anything like that. 22) The two women had forged a close bond. 23) Back in the 1980s, they were attempting to forge a new kind of rock music. 24) Her speech wasn't going down too well, but she forged on. 25) He was carrying a forged passport. 26) It worked, and a bond was forged. 27) Some trace their improvement to the unity forged there. 28) The heat of the oven forges the parts into a whole and changes it while it kills it. 29) An art dealer insisted that the portrait is a forgery. 30) Special marks on the paper are intended to deter forgery. 31) A deputy prime minister, Yulia Timoshenko, is facing criminal charges for tax fraud, smuggling and forgery. 32) Each forgery had to be faultless, and each took time. 33) Many Zapotec pottery vessels, however, have long been sus- pected of being forgeries. 34) Those arrested Wednesday face criminal charges of forgery and falsifying business records, both of which carry possible jail sentences. 35) After lengthy legal proceedings the forged will was declared void in 1989 and the forgers duly punished. 36) Instead, they got Richards to acknowledge that a motivated forger with advanced technology could fool even veteran photo analysts. 37) Then, too, the forger will not find it easy to come across the right paper. 38) They're all for- geries of course, nearly all done by the Master forger Tom Keating. 39) Landale is calling for more laws to protect consumers against fraud. 40) In each case the owner of the goods was induced by fraud to part with them to the rogue.
Exercise 103. Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary: 1) Картину посчитали подделкой. 2) Джонс может заметить подделку с рас- стояния в 20 футов. 3) Ее психолог оказался мошенником. 4) Берегитесь подде- лок, когда покупаете антиквариат. 5) Я дал им вымышленное имя. 6) Она говори- ла с поддельным немецким акцентом. 7) На ее пальто был искусственный мехо- вой воротник и манжеты. 8) Его удостоверение очевидно поддельное. 9) В ларьке на рынке они продавали фальшивые часы Роликс. 10) Она подделала подпись отца на чеке. 11) Страховая компания заподозрила, что он разыграл свою смерть. 12) Результаты эксперимента были сфабрикованы. 13) Я думал, ему действи- тельно было больно, но он просто притворялся. 14) Он прикинулся, что передаст пасс. 15) Кто-то украл мою кредитку и подделал подпись. 16) Толпы людей шли по улицам к посольству. 17) Он выбрался в лидеры в четвертом сете. 18) Планы Джо написать сценарий для фильма быстро продвигались вперед. 19) Он въехал в страну по поддельному паспорту. 20) Марино получил лекарства, подделав под- пись доктора на рецепте. 21) Администрация придумает новую политику по эколо- гическим вопросам в течение следующих нескольких месяцев. 22) Работники должны ковать свою карьеру, искать продвижения и каждый день доказывать, че- го они стоят. 23) Картина была очень талантливой подделкой. 24) Дальнейшие исследования показали, что так называемые «Дневники Гитлера» были поддел- кой. 25) Если мошенник попытается писать быстро и естественно, он потеряет точность. 26) Ему предъявили обвинение в налоговых махинациях. 27) Ее при- знали виновной в мошенничестве. 28) Полиция объявила, что письмо было под- делкой. 29) Большие потери из-за кражи и мошенничества вынудили компанию закрыться. 30) Прошло несколько недель, пока они поняли, что молодой человек, который их всех очаровал, был мошенником. 31) Растет рынок, и увеличиваются возможности для подделок.
Exercise 104. Paraphrase the following sentences using active vocabulary:
1) Firemen had to break the lock to get in. 2) Several cups fell to the floor and broke to pieces. 3) A stolen car ran into the bus. 4) A young boy was hurt in a car crash. 5) In 1776 the United States formed an alliance with France.
Exercise 105. Using Longman Activator Dictionary or any other English Dictionary find out the differ- ences in the meaning and usage of the following synonyms:
an object that is made to look real for dishonest purposes: fake, forgery, dummy; made to look real or natural: artificial, false, fake, imitation, simulated; a copy of something that is intended to deceive people: forgery, fake, counterfeit, pirate; made to look real for dishonest purposes: false, fake, forged, phoney/phony; to pretend that something is true: pretend, make out, be putting it on, be faking it, live a lie, keep up appearances; when people are dishonest in order to get money: fraud, scam, swindle, fiddle, con, racket.
Exercise 106. Make up your own sentences using words and word combinations of the active vocabulary.
Exercise 107. Comment on the following proverbs using words and word combinations of the ac- tive vocabulary. 1) One good turn deserves another. 2) All that glitters is not gold. 3) An open door may tempt a saint. 4) A soft answer turns away wrath. 5) He that does you an ill turn will never forgive you. 6) Tread on a worm and it will turn. 7) Turn about is fair play. 8) It is a long lane that has no turning. 9) Clergymen’s sons always turn out badly.
Dictionary phrases: bore ... malice sheer/pure malice with malice with malice aforethought a match made in heaven a perfect match big ... match cricket/football/tennis etc match home/away match made a good match man of the match match against/between/with match between match for met ... match more than a match for no match for put a match to shouting match strike/light a match match somebody/something
Exercise 108. |
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